What is a migraine

Definition of migraine (Migraine) source from the Greek word from the floor (Hemicrania) means, literal translation: half of the skull. Name derives from one of the characteristics of migraine, as the migraine usually affects a half head. Migraine is a chronic disease that manifests itself in frequent cases of headache, accompanied by physical and psychological phenomena, too. It is a common disease in about 12% of the population.

 Description bout headaches: in the first phase of the Nuba, appears in about a third of the patients prior symptoms last from hours to days before to get a seizure. These symptoms include: mood changes, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, hunger or a stiff neck.

Definitions: can be classified migraine attacks into two types: migraine without aura, which is the most common type, up to 66% of migraine attacks with neighboring (Aura) (and formerly called: classic migraine). Has identified the International Society for headache (International headache society) definition migraine according to the following indicators:

1. Wounding a typical patient with five bouts featured in his life.

2. Migraine lasts from 4 hours to 72 hours.

3. Features include pain advantages two, at least, of the following: (a) the concentration of pain in only one side (unilateral); (b) shows the pain if an pulse; (c) be a pain moderate to severe; (d) aggravated pain when exercising physical effort.

4. Nubia, the patient suffers from one, at least, of the following symptoms: (a) nausea, vomiting or both; (b) sensitivity to light or noise.

 5. Not attributable heart to another problem.

Migraine accompanied Balorh is migraine, which be a نوبتان it, at least, accompanied Paorh distinctive for the following disorders: 1. Numbness (lack of feeling) or speech disorder, soon disappear completely; 2. Disorder in one hand, or on both sides of the field of vision, appears in the form of flashes, glamor, lines, spots or lack of vision, accompanied by sensory disturbances in one side of the body, or without; 3. One, at least, of the following phenomena: (a) one (or more) appears and lasts for 5 minutes, (b) continue to display for more than 5 minutes but less than 60 minutes; 4. Typical migraine aura develops or within 60 minutes of its appearance.

Neurological examination of physical and other tests, such as blood tests, examination of brain CT (Computed Tomography - CT), brain imaging MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI), or check EEG (EEG - Electroencephalogram) shows a situation properly, usually , in the case of migraine headaches, and often there is no need to state tests, absolutely. Can be diagnosed based on the patient's description - (disease - Anamnesis) and on the basis of normal neurological examination, Salim.

The spread of the disease: spreads migraines are very large population of Western countries have suffered 18% of women and 6% of men, at least, from migraines once, at least. 60% - 70% of those who suffer from migraines are women. Before puberty prevalence of migraines about 4% and then spread increases, at a later stage, especially among girls up to the age of 40 years. After 40 years of age, and with advancing age, begins a decline in injury migraines. Highest prevalence among women is between the ages of 25 and 55 years. Migraine does not endanger the lives of patients at risk, but cause great harm to the quality of life and normal track, causing the loss of working days and material losses.

Symptoms of migraine

Within migraine symptoms appear aura quarter of patients: transient localized brain damage is reflected in the vision disorder (the most common), a sense of disorder, lower body strength, the right side or the left, a disorder of the balance or speech disorder. The show aura, usually, before the onset of headache, but it may appear at times, too, during or after the headache, and takes less than an hour. Because of the similarity, sometimes thought as a stroke, but is not caused by a blockage in a blood vessel, not even a stop in blood flow to a particular part of the brain. The next stage is a headache. The pain usually begins on one side of the head, but sometimes moves to the other side, too, and then gradually increasing intensity in a matter of hours, beating and affect the functionality of the person. The headache is usually accompanied by nausea, and sometimes vomiting.

Excessive sensitivity to stimuli, such as: light, noise and smell, and preferably the patient to lie down in the dark and quiet until the end of Nubia and its demise. It can also be Nuba accompanied by a sense of fatigue, thirst, excessive urination, pale, sweating, hunger or lack of appetite, nasal congestion, feeling cold or heat. In addition, they can get also a decline in the ability to concentrate, feeling depressed, anxiety and nervousness. The final phase of a bout of migraine (migraine) is the stage of "absorption" as patient stays exhausted, nervous or is a quiet, little ability to focus, with remarkable sensitivity of the scalp. While some patients may feel depressed (Depression) and discomfort, others feel them refreshed and rejoicing after a seizure.

Catalysts (Catalyst) the most common for the Nuba are: stress, fatigue, excessive sleeping, fast, irregular eating to skip some meals, eating certain active substances in the blood vessels (Vasoactive), caffeine, alcohol, menstruation, changes in atmospheric pressure (Barometric pressure) and geographical changes in elevation. There are some medications that can speed up a heart, such as: nitrate (Nitrate), hormones Alastrugenih, Alandomed (Indomed) or Eliserbin (Reserpine).

The causes and risk factors for migraine

Of the most important reasons for migraine headaches: a disease influenced by a large family. , About 70% have some of those who suffer from migraine headaches first degree relative suffering from migraine headaches, and that first-degree relatives of people who suffer from migraines are more prone to migraines injury of other people, at a rate of 1.5 - 2 times more. If migraine with neighboring, brings to four times the average.Studies show that migraine does not result, in most cases, by a defect in a single gene, but is linked to several factors, whether genetic or environmental.

The real cause of migraine headaches is still unknown and is quite clear, but it is known today that there are processes which affect and related appearances.When an external factor (lack of sleep, a particular food) alert trigeminal nerve (nerve Trigeminal) in the skull, this nerve norepinephrine mediators pain (Substance P and CGRP) into blood vessels in the casing of the brain, which causes secretion of mediators infections other than mast cells (Mast cell), whereupon the turn attract inflammatory cells (neutrophils lobed nucleus - Polymorfonuclear neutrophil) to that region.In this case, it will be the penetration of pain mediators and expansion of the blood vessels of the causes of the pain, too.

Migraine treatment

Migraine treatment consists of three types of treatment:

Behavioral therapy to prevent heart attacks, such as: regular sleep, regular meals, avoid certain foods that contain caffeine, Taramen (Tyramine), monosodium Glotomat (Monosodium Glutamate) or nitrates (Nitrates).

  Treatment by drugs to prevent heart: can be described in the case of multiple episodes (more than one bout in two weeks) or continuous and sharp attacks. The list of medications these drugs effect on blood vessels, such as: beta blockers - Beta blockers (eg, propranolol - Propranolol), calcium channel blockers - Calcium channel blockers (eg, verapamil - Verapamil), antiepileptic drugs (eg, acid Alvalborak - Valporic Acid, Topiramate - Topiramate), tricyclic antidepressants - Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline - amitriptyline) and other drugs.

Treatment to relieve symptoms during Nubia:

     (A). Pharmaceuticals ordinary against pain Awalgthian (relievers, such as: paracetamol - paracetamol, - Dipyrone), aspirin (Aspirin) and NSAIDs (Non - steroidal Anti - Inflammatory Drug - NSAIDs), analgesics opioid (Opioid drugs) or a combination of drugs from different groups.

    (B). Pharmaceuticals especially for migraine headaches, including ergotamine-type drugs (Ergotamine drugs) and medicines of Alterbtanat family (Triptans).And Drug oldest in this group is sumatriptan (Sumatriptan). And later appeared to use: Alitreptan (Eletriptan), Naratreptan (Naratriptan), Rizzatreptan (Rizatriptan) and Zulmitreptan (Zolmitriptan). For these drugs good effect and highly effective at the time of the seizure.